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20260414-Ancient Greek Intensive Course - Part 3

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>> All right, is Madelaine around? Hey. >> [clears throat] >> Fantastic. How have you been? Pretty good. And you were reading unit three? Yeah. Fantastic. Chewie, what's going Hang on a second. I got to work something out. What's going on with the engineering tonight?

But Sorry about that. We've had been having some flying problems tonight. More than usual, right? Go ahead, people. Let's get started. Madelaina, tell me you read unit three. And you're starting to hate you're starting to hate Greek. No. No. Not at all. >> Not even I think I like it more. Yeah, do you? Why? Cuz it's challenging? Yeah.

Okay, well, that's a good thing. That's a good thing if you get there to the point that you're disliking mother Greek at all. Um realize that's not uncommon. >> [sighs] >> Especially at this point in the game. Unit three, boy, we're going to have to get through some some new stuff tonight, finish off the verbs, talk about sequence of moods. Oh God, conceptually, if you can explain that to me, you're better person than most. Let's go to page 71.

Let's go to page 71. I can't believe that. Really threw me off tonight. The engineering really threw me off. I don't know why I don't know what we're doing wrong with the system, but it's probably [snorts] the satellite. Okay, look at page 71.

Let's go there. And why don't you just read for me some words and we'll talk about what they mean. All right.

Aslon aslutho prize

Anti instead Possibly, yeah. Anti instead. case No, aslon. No, no, no, stop at aslon. Stop at aslon. And I want you to tell me what word in English you get from aslon. Um athlete, probably. >> Athlete, very good. I just want us to be thinking about that, right? All the athl words, athletics, all that kind of stuff. Good. Bala Sorry, alla but, anti you did instead of and what's under anti? arate Yeah.

Arates hey um [clears throat] boule boules hey Yeah, what is arate by the way? >> [sighs] >> Oh, uh excellence, sorry. Excellence. I want to show you I want to show you bring up uh lexicon. I want to show you Perseus.

Oh, it's going to be screwing around. It was screwed today anyway. Um arate, I wanted to talk about arate a little bit. You say excellence or virtue, right? Oh God. This concept's a lot bigger than ex just excellence and virtue. I would imagine, yeah. You'll notice on page 72 the noun arate. This is the second note. Arates hey, excellence and virtue originally referred to excellence in general. Whether of warriors in battle, animals such as horses uh they had a lot of they had a lot of excellent horses, right? Or things such as land. Can be excellent

Land, too, you know. Later its meaning was sometimes narrowed to moral excellence or virtue. So, that's what I wanted you to see there that word isn't necessarily moral at all. Um you're talking about the excellence of something and you can talk about the excellence of a horse. Right? I mean, it's a really abstract, weird kind of philosophical way of thinking, but um it's all packed into that word. Boule is your Yeah, they could say will or council. Yeah, council as in an actual group of people that meet. That's the so-and-so

Council. The boule. I just want to know. >> Okay. Okay, now what about that verb underneath it? Give me all those principal parts. grapho graphe grapho, [snorts] sorry.

>> [Clears throat] >> uh egrapha gegraphsa

>> [Snorts] >> gegramai

Uh egraphen Okay, look what they did to you. They're tripping you up in this one. Look at in the first principal part, the second to last letter is a phi. Phi. But in the second principal part, the second to last letter becomes a psi. Yeah, look at that. In the third, it's a psi, too, but then it switches back to the phi in the fourth principal part. So, it's grapsou.

Yeah.

Good. Yeah, yeah, good, good, beautiful. Beautiful. To write. To write. Oh my God. Now, before we move on from write, I want you to look at the second principal part and say, "Why does it switch from a phi to a psi?" Uh the invisible sigma, right? Yeah, oh God, you're so great. You're probably like slow You're slowing me down, old man. Fine. Fine, if you want to get everything right. There's no way that you should know that. The sigma is there, right? The sigma is there. You

Got it. It's the combination of the sigma turns it into a psi. Good. Because a phi is really just a pi, right? The phi is really just the pi. Phi is a pi with a puff of air. Good. Day, there's another particle. Look at They're they tell you it means in fact or of course. Um I could Yeah, just for now, memorize memorize that, but yeah, okay. What's under day? Um demos.

Uh-huh. demou ho the people demokratia Mhm. demokratias Uh-huh. Nice. dia Yeah. What is a measurement through the middle of something like a figure? What's the measurement through the middle? Mm.

Diameter There you go. diametron, right? That diameter. Isn't that nice? I love that. That stuff gets me going when I see how the words are put together like that. eirenes eirene >> eirene Oh, yeah. I like how how the way you say it better. Yeah, peace. Oh God, Irene is peace, right? Her name? I'm going to say the next one cuz I'm the only one that gets to say dirty words. ekklesia

Ekklesia ekklesias hey, meaning an assembly. The Athenians have two assemblies, right? They've got the ekklesia and the boule. And that's kind of like saying the our house and senate or whatever. Okay, um jump down. Epe is not exciting, right? Epe and epede, look at epe and epede. Notice that the epede is just a de with an epe. Right? So, epe means after when or since. Epede, it also means after when or since, but look back up at de at the top to see what it really does. De just adds a you

Know it's a fact, right? In fact. Right? This is so it's just a little extra emphasis, but they really both just mean after when or since. Um give me that verb. Give me that verb down there. souo

Yeah, there you go.

Souso esousa tesouka tesoumai etousen etousen, yeah. And then thusia enthusias.

What is thusia? It's a sacrifice. >> [snorts] >> What is that? What is it when you threw up something? You're burning it, baby, and it's mostly incense. We're not talking animals, although they do use it that way occasionally. Hena is a conjunction for purpose, right? In order to do something, right? May is an adverb negativizer, right? Not. Not. It's like ooh, but it's not ooh, it's may. Nike Nike says victory hopos in order that another look like hena it means in order that. What's under hopos? Did you

Say that one? That's a big one. It's got some goofy letters in it. Of ofstalom ofstalmos ofstalmo Good. I Yeah. >> Yeah. Fantastic. How about the verb? paulo pauso Uh-huh. epausa pepo pepauka Uh-huh. pepaumai [clears throat] epausen

Yeah. >> pausen Yeah. Perfect. To make to stop or to stop. Right? Oh god. Put it on pause. Right? Oh. There's peri another preposition. Look at how we've gotten quite a few prepositions, right? Look at peri in this one in the genitive it means concerning or about. In the dative it means around.

And in the accusative it means around or concerning. Okay, so seriously? Um it's going to be a little bit difficult for you to guess which is which until you have context until you're reading. >> Yeah. You see it. Good. How about fulato? Give me that one. Oh, this one's going to >> fulato Okay, now now now wait a minute before you do this one. All right. >> your mouth on the second line the the principal parts four, five, and six. It's going to do things that are not

Englishy. So go for it. >> [gasps] >> fulato fulakso

Pefulaksa pefulaka Sorry. Uh pefulagmai

Pefulagmai Okay. Efulak then. Yes. Do that last principal part again a couple of times. Yeah. >> efulak then efulaksen

Efu lak sen Yeah, that's it. >> hard going from the he from the he to that theta? It's like a >> [snorts] >> the yeah, there's got to be some vowel in between there or something, but no, they didn't care. They pronounced it and they made it sound euphonic. Right? And honestly um Madalena, my mouth is not meant to say that. So it doesn't. Efulak then.

Efulak then. Yeah. Nice. Going from that to a th sh he

Do that. Just do that. Just do the he and the theta together. Little less a little a little No, no, pull out pull out a little bit of You got some of that You got some of that

[\\h__\\h]

Uh it sounds like you're going to spit, right? Yeah, I did that on purpose, but Greeks hated the No. Skate from the sh to the th th sh Okay.

>> [Laughter] >> It's hard, isn't it? >> Efulaksen Yeah. Efulaksen Uh Look, you're picking it up. You're picking it up. >> in my throat. It is. You have some kind of German gutteral frog in your throat just like I do. We probably inherited it from English or something. Anyhoo the one before that, the fifth principal part pefulagmai

Is nicer because you can go from that gamma to that mu pretty easily. So a lot of a lot of times you're going to be noticing the Greek is is optimized according to sound. So

Yeah, this is And by the way, that first principal part, just look at it. You didn't know so much was there, but fulato fulato meaning to guard. That double tau is an atticized double sigma.

Okay? The attic >> fulaks Yes, fulakso fulakso just like just like the word for sea is thalassa thalassa in all the other dialects, but in these these Athenians they don't like to hear that. They don't like the Pelaskians.

So they take it out and they put that fulato fulak That's two taus together, man. Try saying two one t after another fulat to fulat to fulat to. Yeah, I know it's awful, isn't it? [\\h__\\h] them. I like the Pelaskian sigmas better. Okay, sorry. I won't curse if your baby's a brown. No cursing with the baby. >> they're sleeping today. Okay, good. They're feeling better. Hey, can I say take that down? Can I Let me talk to her for a second. Can I just say kudos to you for for feeding your child

In the middle of learning the hardest [\\h__\\h] language on the planet. Right? And you just drop down and give that baby its food. And I think that's I think it's awesome and I think you should be commended for for pushing. You have a bunch of small kids. You have like four kids, right? Mhm. Yeah. >> I'm sorry. I shouldn't tell people cuz there's so many ears. No, that's okay. But look, look at what you You're raising four kids. I'm raising two and I'm telling you what, I can't do more

Than that. I can't. It was It's beyond my capacity. So the fact that you're doing four, I don't know how you're not exhausted all the time. All the time you should be exhausted. Yes. So my commendation to you for learning under for learning under that under those conditions and now I can tell all of my students in the future I can tell them don't give me excuses. Right? I watched a woman take care of four children while she took her class.

And she's taking care of four children. You know, skip you if you have an excuse for not doing your work. You know what I mean? So and I understand it. I wanted to let you know I understand if you have to go like if there's a kiddie emergency, one of them gets out of bed or something, don't feel like you got to sit there, man. Just tell me, "Hey, I got to go. I'll come back later." You know what I mean? Okay. Okay. Okay.

>> No, thank you. Thank you for putting out champion's effort. Right? And shame on anybody who Shame on anybody who doesn't recognize that. Okay, I want to go before our break cuz we're going to have a break here in a little bit. I want to go to the beginning of unit three because unit three is going to be just all of the same verb stuff that we've been learning Yeah. >> in the tenses of the perfect the pluperfect, right? And we get

Uh the perfect infinitive to have done something, right? And they give you the example on page 63 of pepaideukenai. Can I Are you pretty good with infinitives? Do you feel pretty good with the the infinitives that we've had so far? We had the present and the aorist and >> Yeah. Right? Okay. >> by itself and it doesn't have um

Oh, what's it called? It's just got aspect, right? No time, right? It right, it doesn't have It doesn't have person or number, right? Good. Good. Beautiful. Look, you're analyzing it, right? Plus perfect shows that it's, you know, it's making it. So 61, I knew you would. 61 at the top of the page. Should we blow that up so she can see that if she's using it? Look at the perfect forms there. A as amen ate asi. Notice that they're just like the aorist

Yeah. endings except for that third plural. Right? Instead of on it's asi. asi >> It's asi. Yeah. So that may throw you every once in a while. You may be like, "Huh?" But that's that's the perfect. Okay, so I Look at their examples below that. pepaideuka I have educated. Right now, right now I

Am in a state of having educated. That's what pepaideuka means. Right now at the present, I have educated. pepaideukas you have etc. etc. Okay, so amen ate Aussie or Aussie. Notice that notice that damn new movable can be there in the third person plural as well as the third person singular, right? So, okay. Amen Aussie amen ate Aussie. Good. How about the pluperfect? Oh god.

Now, the perfect I didn't say anything but you read it and I want to make sure you picked it up. The perfect is the perfect is the fourth principal part, right? Yes. Okay. Pephoidaika will be the fourth principal part of paideo paideuso epaidesa.

Pephoidaika right? Is that fourth principal part. That's your perfect. I have educated. Pephoidaika. Good. So, you're going to form that from the fourth principal part. From the fourth principal part, right? Now, what about the pluperfect? Turns out it's the same thing but it's just got different endings and you've

Got an epsilon augment on the front of the fourth principal part. Yeah. Okay. So, the So, the perfect which is translated like a past tense in English, I have done something is actually a present. It's past form is a pluperfect. I had

Educated. Do you see in the past it's already done in the past. I had educated that kid yesterday when something happened, right? Okay. Okay. Does that Do you feel pretty good with how to how at least we can use the perfect and the pluperfect? Yeah. Um

Is it always like epay in the pluperfect? In the pluperfect. Okay, so is it always epay? Look at the bottom. Look at the on page 62 where it gives you the endings and let's just do the endings first just so we know those. Right? A ace ace >> A. Now, here's the hard here's the hard thing. Look in the first person singular it's an ada which we just say A. But, the epsilon and iota of the third person singular, it makes the same or a very similar sound to the ada. So, when

We're pronouncing it we just say A again. But, I try to put a just a little tinge of the iota on the end of it so that people will hear it. A. Right? But, what A for ada or A? They're pretty close. So, A ace A. A amen ete esan

Good. Amen ete esan. A ace A amen ete esan. A ace A amen ete esan. >> esan Good. I had educated, you had educated, he she it had educated, we had educated etc. etc. You and they. Good. Absolutely outstanding. So, those are the two new tenses we've got and then we start with subjunctive and optative moods. We do the present subjunctive. Now, look what we've done. We're changing moods entirely. So, this is not going to say the same thing. Right? When we switch to the subjunctive mood and if you go to the top of page 64 and we have these

Endings. O ace A omen ete osi. ete

Okay. Good. Now, I want you to notice that those are long vowels. The omega is long, the ada is long. The omega on the omen, right? It's not an omicron mu epsilon nu omens.

It's an omen. Yeah. Isn't that neat? Now, that's the mark. Why do I say that? Why do I point that out? Cuz that's the mark of the subjunctive. In the subjunctive mood that is when you switch from saying I want to go to the store to may we go to the store. Right? When you switch to from I am going to the store to may I go to the store. When you make that jump, you lengthen the vowels. So, I want you to keep this as a principle in your head.

It is a fact that when you lengthen the vowels, you jump from reality to potentiality.

I don't know why but that's a phenomenon. It's like saying why is does the sigma signify the future? Why is it you're thinking future when you see that sigma? S Is there something in s that makes me think of the future? Right?

It's tough. Yeah. Yeah, it is. If you have any good analysis of these dead Greeks you let me know. Okay. >> Because sometimes they elude me. Couple more minutes we've got on page 64 again at the bottom the aorist subjunctive. Why? Because that was the present subjunctive that we learned before at the top of the page. Present subjunctive.

This is the aorist subjunctive at the bottom. Now, you're saying, "Well, why don't they have an imperfect subjunctive? Why did you jump all the all the way to the aorist?"

Oh, sorry. somebody My apologies. My son's playing with my microphone. Fantastic. Hey there, buddy. I'll try not to say anything bad, Pete. Okay. Here we go. Look what we're doing. So, when you go to the aorist subjunctive

Um why are you skipping the imperfect? Because you don't need an imperfect. You're going to lose you're going to lose your association of tense and you're going to be looking at aspect now when you're talking about tenses. You're going to be focusing on aspect, right? Just just like the infinitives.

Right? So, you're going to lose some things in the subjunctive. It's absolutely gorgeous. >> [sighs] >> What do those endings look like? Oh god. The aorist O ace A omen ete osi. Oh, they look exactly the same.

Right? Okay, something funny's going on here, right? Yeah, they're doing they're doing something funny because they're indicating some kind of weird world of conditions that we're switching into, right? Okay. Same thing with the optative. Only the optative doesn't resort to the long vowel. On page 65

The optative uses the omicron iota diphthong. Look at the endings. Oimi ois oi. Oimen oite oien. You can see like in the first person plural the men is still there, right? So, you can see yeah that's like a that's like a first person plural ending in the present like indicative. That works, man. Right? You can see the te in the second person plural. So, you have the same endings. Yeah. But, what what you're doing is you're you're tuning the vowels. So, I need you to recognize that when you

Switch moods these are moods. Indicative, subjunctive optative. When you switch moods, you do it through vowels. You do it through vowels. Okay, just keep that in mind. Just keep that in mind. That's all. Does that say paideuoimi men? paideuoimen

Yes. Paideuoimen and the accent is on the upsilon. So, paideuoimen.

Paideuoimen. Nice. Paideuoimen. Okay. Yeah. Oi. They heard the oi and they thought, "Oh, I may might could or should do this." Right? [laughter] It's like their brains switching to a different Now, we have the present optative on page 65 and on page 66. Voila. It's what you'd expect. We have the aorist optative cuz we're talking

The endings instead of ice, we have eas. Eas. And instead of I, we have ea. And people ask me which is >> We lost you for like 20 like 20 30 seconds we lost you. Oh, did you? Oh, poop. >> Yeah, just at the beginning of aorist. Okay. So, the aorist optative. The aorist optative. What I want you to notice is that the oi from the oimi turns into an I. You you gain an alpha. You turn things into an alpha. You still have the iota

Sitting there. So, you still got an optative. But now you you've put the alpha with it. So, I me ice I. And you'll notice the second and third people persons that they have alternative forms aos and aea.

Aos and aea. Look at Yeah, aos and aea. Look at the plurals I men I ta I en with an alternative in the third person plural aeon. aeon aeon, right? Okay. What What's happening in those alternatives? They're retaining the iota. Right? They still have the iota. But they're changing their vowel from an alpha to an epsilon.

Yeah. So, it's just again a little bit of tuning on the vowel will change the direction the entire direction you go. This is telling you I am no longer a concrete indicative verb. I'm this freaking abstracted optative.

I'm a wishing case. Oh, if only I ate my spaghetti. Right? Instead of saying I ate my spaghetti. If only I would eat my spaghetti. Right? Somehow you're you're kicking into this wishing mood. Right? Oh, God. And the question is are you going to do that in the present or are you going to do that in the aorist? When you do that in the present Oh my God. Oh my God. Keep yourself knowing that you can be doing this thing habitually. But when you're doing it in the aorist

You've got to have that just finishing. It's got to be a done deal, my brother. You're not going to do this. You're not going to make a deal to keep giving these handouts to people. Right here. Here's one and tomorrow you get a handout again. No, you're going to do it once, God damn it. Right? Do you see what their mind is what the mind that's using Greek is concerned about? Is this something you do habitually?

Right? Is this something you do habitually or just once? Oh God, it becomes crazy, man. It gets but it's gorgeous. And it's it's easy to understand if you recognize moods work in sequence. And for our last thing today before we go to break, look at page 67. I just want to read to you. As seen This is under sequence of moods. As seen in section 18.3 doesn't matter. The tenses of the indicative are divided into two categories primary and secondary. The primary tenses are those which refer to present and future time.

The present, future, and perfect. Right? And they say also the future perfect, but we don't have the future perfect in this book. So, don't even think about that. The present, future, and perfect those three are primary tenses. The secondary tenses

Are those which refer to past time. Right? Which are imperfect, aorist, and pluperfect. All of those refer to a past time. Right? Unlike those three futures which I mean those three presents which refer to a present or a future. The future, by the way, is the thing that is never happening. Oh God. >> [laughter] >> Is that what they Is that how they'd write? It's the always about to be, they said. The always about to be, which means it never is a reality. And that's why they

Do some things with a future tense that are more better off with moods that are subjunctive or optative. But they throw in the future. Why? Because there's this kind of kinship between um potentiality and the future. Right? Cuz the future doesn't exist. It doesn't happen. How can it be indicative, dog? Right? Oh God. It's amazing the way that they're thinking. Now, the secondary tenses those are the imperfect, aorist, and pluperfect. Now, listen to the logic here just for a minute. The sequence of moods means that in complex sentences

Certain kinds of dependent clauses will have a verb in either the subjunctive or the optative mood depending on whether the main verb of the sentence is either a primary or a secondary tense of the indicative. Oh God, if you understand that completely something's wrong. Something's wrong. You can't. Right now you can't. That's all it is. Um What are they What are they doing? They're trying to set you up to use a subjunctive or an optative. That's all they're doing. They're trying to set you up to use it and they're

Telling you you're going to have a main verb in the indicative that's going to set up the use of a subjunctive or an optative. Okay? And the tense [clears throat] of that main verb will dictate whether you use a subjunctive or an optative. Okay? So, I kick the ball now

In order to win the game.

The Greek mind says that's a present tense with your main verb, so you have to use a subjunctive in your secondary. You have to use a subjunctive in your subordinate. Okay? In your subordinate clause. I kick the ball. That's your main clause. I kick the ball. What's your subordinate clause? In order to win the game. Yeah. >> Right? In order to win the game I kick the ball. So, because I kick is present you're going to use a subjunctive in that subordinate clause. If that kick becomes something in the past yesterday I kicked the ball

You're going to change your subordinate to an optative. I kicked the ball yesterday in order that I might win the game. Right? Right? Isn't that weird? So, um I just want you to see >> between the subjunctive and and the optative? Yes. I can say that and show it to you. When your main verb

Is in a primary tense Mhm. present perfect, future. When your main verb is in a primary tense the verb that follows will be subjunctive. When your main verb is a secondary tense imperfect, aorist, pluperfect

Your subordinate your verb that's coming up that's following it will have to be in the optative. Okay. >> have to be in the optative. So, that's a general rule. Now, watch it actually working on page and I know we're going over, but we'll don't worry. We we'll still get good break. Look at page 68 because purpose clauses are the first thing they teach you. Look at those. Actually, let's look at these when we come back from break. We'll do purpose clauses and that's all we got to do for the chapter. Um and then I want to hit I want to hit you

With some drilling and I want to give you some actual Greek to look at. I promised you some mind-blowing stuff, so I got to bring it. So, take let's take our 10 minutes now. Um

Uh I'll be back at uh around 8:30. I'll be back in 30 minutes. What I What I need you to do is one more time vocabulary test. Okay. >> Okay? Vocabulary test over unit three. Okay? >> Okay. As a matter of fact I'll I would also like to do perfects pluperfects if we can. Just pluperfects and pluperfects. Know those endings, just the ending. And I'll come back to quiz this. Okay? All right. Beautiful job. Beautiful job. Keep it up. Thanks. Okay.

>> Right. >> All right. Fantastic. Perfect time for me to jump in in a discussion of What is men and women? Where is Madalena?

She said she needs 10 more minutes. Uh she said >> She said she needs 10 more minutes? 10 more minutes ago? >> ago. She said that 4 minutes ago. 5 minutes. Okay. Okay, sorry. Continue your conversation.

All right. Fantastic. Bam, there he is. No. God. Who said it? Ow. Look at page 67, please. Please look at page 67 at the bottom. That last paragraph explains everything, but more succinctly. Both the present subjunctive and the aorist subjunctive are governed by the primary tenses of the indicative.

As in the infinitive, tense in the subjunctive indicates aspect, not time.

And that's where it tends to throw people. Cuz they want to put it well, it's a different tense. It's in the present tense. Why can't it have a time? But it doesn't. It only has an aspect.

The present subjunctive shows progressive repeated aspect. The aorist subjunctive shows simple. So your your action in the potential can either be simple or it can be something ongoing. Excellent. Excellent. Okay, here's what I want to do. You have a vocabulary quiz, so go to that page now. Go to page 71. Madeleine, everybody else is doing it with her. As subject to her authority. Go [\\h__\\h] yourselves.

Look it up, people. People, I you know I'm kidding you. Um you can put your right hand over the right side of the page. Okay, and uh go along with us and take the exam with us and see how you do. Do you understand? And see if you can keep up. Especially the exercises. We're going to do some exercises. See if you can keep up with the exercises. Look at the verb at the bottom of the page, Madeleine, please. Phylatto. Tell me what it means, phylatto.

Um phylatto. Um it means guard. Good. How about pawo above that, the verb pawo? Pawo. Um

Um Oh, give me a second. Pawo.

Um uh

I'm not remembering right now. Pause. Try Try to think of pause. Yeah, to stop, right? To stop something, right? Stop yourself, right? You can stop or you can make something else stop. Off-thal- No, no, I want another verb. Thuo, above that, please. Thuo, what's the >> Sacrifice. Good. And above that, the verb is grapho. Uh to write or draw. Excellent. Excellent. Excellent. What is an ophthalmos?

Ophthalmos is an eye. Good. Good. And the preposition peri, just give me one meaning of peri. Um uh from? Um no. Uh >> Around. That's around, yeah. >> Good. Good. And um when you say you can also say about or concerning. Um you know, when you write a book, you write your your book about something, peri something. So you'll see this in time. You'll see this in time. Yeah, [clears throat] yeah, exactly. Perimeter. You know the all the English derivations. Good. I'm glad that you're using this. And what is um aretes near The top? Aretes. >> Um excellent horse. Excellent. You've got it. Excellent. You know, you've got it memorized. Your excellence your arete is functional. >> mixed up with um mixed up. Uh >> [snorts]

[sighs]

>> Page 61, please. I want you to Oh, sorry. I shouldn't have said that to you. What I should have said was give me the endings in the perfect, please. Perfect indicative endings. Um a as a amen ate asi or asin.

Good. A as a amen ate asi. Amen. >> Good. Give me the pluperfect endings. That one is a as a emen ete esan. Esan. Good. The present subjunctive. Just the endings on the present subjunctive.

Beginning with o. O um >> [clears throat]

>> Oh, I I didn't memorize that one. Okay, well read them now. >> [laughter] >> Go to page 64 and read them now. Okay. O as a omen ate a osi. Yeah. Good. And your aorist subjunctive endings are going to be the same. Right? So okay, fine. Right? O as a omen ate osi. Beautiful. Your optatives, go to page 65. I like these. Oimy ois oi oimen oite oien. Say Say that a couple of times. Oimy ois oi oimen oite oien.

Good. Yeah. How about your aorists on the next page? Aimy ois ai Uh-huh. aimen aite aien. How do you say the other uh other other one, aien? Aios. Aios. Aios. Uh-huh. Aia. Okay. Uh-huh. I don't know if it was aia. Aion. On the other side on the other side on the third plural you got aion. Right? And again, people ask me what's more common and I tell them I tell them uh I believe the alphas, but I I don't know. I've never like kept track, so.

Um fantastic. Fantastic. Okay. Go to the exercises and now Oh, whoops. Before we do, we have to do our purpose clauses on page 68. >> Oies. And I want you just to jump down and look at the example they give under number one. I know you've read this. But at the So at the bottom of the page, look. This is a laid out purpose clause. Look at it sitting there. Right? Pempomen. We send. We send. What do we send? Dora. We send gifts.

Then we get hina, hos, and hopos. Which each of those words will introduce a purpose clause. So we send gifts in order that That's how you can translate the hina, hos, or hopos. In order that lueta.

Now look at lueta. >> [clears throat] >> What is that? Help me identify that. Does that look like Look at that eta. It looks long there, doesn't it? Yeah. Remember those long vowels that we were just going over? Those are subjunctives. Right? People love those. Subjunctives. So we have a subjunctive there. Isn't that glorious? Is that a present subjunctive or an aorist? Um that is uh

Um that that's a present, isn't it? Wait. Good. Very good. And what's giving it away is the stem, right? If you take off the a stem, it's just lu. Right? If it were an aorist, it would have to be luse, elusa, right? Yeah. One [clears throat] thing I want to point out, too, is it's a subjunctive. We do not have any sort of augments. Okay? No augments here. We're not going to do that. Notice that's not why, because the time has dropped. And all we're talking about is aspect. Anyway,

We send gifts in order that lueta you may release tous adelphous, the brothers. In order that you may let go the brothers. Okay? Okay. So we have a present subjunctive. Notice that it says in order that you and then in and I forget what they call those little bobs. May be releasing or may release. That is because it is a present subjunctive. Right? It's not an aorist. If it were an aorist, it would not be may be releasing. Right? That has the uh continuous idea, an unending idea. You're in the middle

Of doing it. And that's only from the present that you're going to get that. Now

We lost you for like 20 We lost you for like 15, 20 seconds. You lost me for Okay, thank you. Page 69. Okay. >> Look at Look at number two at the top. This is the next example of our um purpose clause. Pempomen again, we are sending Dora gifts.

Mhm. Hina hos hopos in order that lu seta. Now, this time, the only thing that's changed is now we have an arist. Mhm. An arist subjunctive lu seta. Look at that. In order that you may release the brothers. Notice that it's not in order that you may be releasing the brothers. Mhm. But, it's a one-time shot. A one-time shot. We We did it so that you may do something else. Not we did it so that every time that we run into you, you're going to be doing this thing.

Right? >> Okay. That makes sense. A single shot. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. And okay, look at number three then and what changes in number three. It's about halfway down the page on 69. E pempomen dora. Look what they did. They changed it. What happened there? What's the difference between pempomen and e pempomen?

Um the It's uh um

Is it uh imperfect? Yes, it's an imperfect. So, So, now instead of a present pempomen, we are sending. Now, we have an imperfect. We were sending. So, now we have a secondary tense. We have a verb that is in secondary tense.

It's an imperfect. So, we're now going to expect an optative instead of a subjunctive. Is that what we get? E pempomen dora hina. Lu oita. There it is. There's our optative. A present Mhm. Yeah. So, it translates as we were sending gifts in order that you might release the brothers. So, when we're translating subjunctives in Greek, we want to translate them into the English may. Okay. >> translating these optatives, we want to translate them as might.

Okay. Might. We're indicating a past time. Right? We were doing this yesterday in order that we might do something. When we're talking about subjunctives, we're talking about present present times and futures. Yeah. Which does Which doesn't really exist. Okay.

Right? Mhm.

Number four is the last that cuz lu oita there is what? That's a present optative. In number four, we get the arist optative just so you can see again the difference. We were sending gifts in order that you might release the brothers. Not that you might be releasing, but that you might release. All right? That's the difference between the arist and the present. Oh God, do I have to memorize all of that? They give us one more on page five. I mean, on page 70. They give us a fifth

Example. Right? So, ton [clears throat] homer on aste nason e pempomen. E pempomen. Look at that. Oh God. Isn't that a nice one? What is that? It's Tell me I Help me identify that verb. E pempomen.

Oh, it's um um arist, right? Good. Um uh indicative. Sorry. E pempomen. And what first What person and number? First, second, third, singular, plural? Um it's uh first first plural. Good. Does everybody see Do all of the voices in your head see how you were picking it up, right? Right? It takes a lot, people, to get there. You got to be able to >> we sent. >> Mhm. Yeah. I see. >> Yeah. She's amazing. Good. She's amazing. >> Amazing. It's the The fact that you're picking

This up so quickly, Madelena, is fantastic. Keep it up. Um it really is. So, um what did we send? We sent ton homer on. We sent Homer. Ais tenaison. To the island. And then we get our hina. And it's negativized. Right? >> Yeah, may. Hina may. Hina may or hos may or hopos may. In order that something is going to be not here. In order that something not happen. Paideusaya.

In order that he might not educate ton adelphon. So, they're They're just giving you the example of the how to negativize that purpose. Okay. Here's what I want to do. I want you to turn quickly before your brain burns out completely. I want to run a couple of tracks. Now that you've got everything from unit three, go to page 75. And I want you just to read to me number one, and then I want you to translate it slowly telling me how you're translating. Now, when you translate it,

I want you to go to the verb first. Okay. >> to go to the verb first. And I want you to work through it this way. You may have two verbs. If you've got a purpose clause, you're going to have two verbs, okay? So, okay.

>> [Snorts] >> So, we got thu say and pauso sin. No, no, these are exercises on page 75. Exercises page 75. Numero uno. Okay. Ho n demos So, I'm I'm looking for the verb first, right? And then it's I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I want you to read it. I want you to read it in Greek first. Hear you. And then go ahead and translate at your pleasure. Okay. Ho demos entes

Ho dois tois theois

Thu say hina ton polemon

Excellent. Excellent. I want you to do the fourth word in is is tais. Tais, please. >> Excellent. Excellent. Beautifully said. Now, uh go ahead. Take your time. Maybe just talk through how you're translating for me. Go ahead. Okay. Um thu say

Uh and then So, it's uh it's present, right? Mhm.

Is it present? Thu say. Mhm. But, it's got the the s- the the sigma, so it's uh So, class. >> It's uh future. Um Good. Good. Um singular third person, so it would be >> Good. Um

Yeah. Okay. So, they sacrifice.

He He He He, she, or it. Third person singular. Future. >> I was That always gets me. So, he, she, or it will sacrifice. Okay. Will sacrifice. Good. Who's the he, she, or it? Is there something in the subject somewhere? Is there a subject floating around? Um the gods?

Is that Theoi state of case. Theois. Okay. Yeah. No good. Got to be a nominative. >> good. Yeah, it's got to be. So, the people. Good. Good. Ho demos. You got it. Ho demos. Okay. So, ho demos thu say. Ho demos thu say. Just translate that. Yeah, the people

Um will sacrifice. Good.

Okay. Um

I don't know where to go now. >> [laughter] >> No, it's okay. It's okay. I'm supposed to be helping you with strategies to translate. When you see a prepositional phrase, Mhm. um just translate that by itself. In tais ho dois. >> ho dois.

Um I don't remember what ho dois is. Oh, it's roads. It's roads. Sorry. >> Oh, yeah. Okay. In the roads. Yes, or on in or on the roads. >> On on the roads. So, the people will sacrifice >> The people sacrifice on the roads. Um Then you have a dative And how do we translate that dative? It's two, four, or with. Try all three. >> With. So.

Um so, it'd be

Um two, four, or with. Uh so, to the gods. Good. It's the Or is it for the road? No, two the god No, the Remember the road The road is being governed by the preposition in. >> Okay. And So, here's [clears throat] just going to translate that however >> gods. Okay, that makes more sense. >> two. I like two better. >> Yeah, two the gods. Yeah, so the people will sacrifice on the roads to the gods. >> the gods. And why do they do this, Hannah? How so sin?

>> Hannah. In order that Um the the polemon, which is uh um

I don't remember that one either right now. >> Oh, think polemics. Yes. >> Think polemics. Polemics. Does anybody in Does anybody in your voices from your head Do you have a >> Yeah. Can you tell us what polemon means? Um like war.

You got Oh, come on, you spoiled somebody's opportunity, Madeline. Oh, sorry. Sorry. >> [laughter] >> Like your polemics to guys Christianity. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I remember because uh Cruz explained it to me yesterday and said that and I was like, yeah, that makes sense. And it escaped me again. Okay. Um so,

And pal so sin.

Yeah. >> Yeah, pal so sin. What is pal so sin? Is it Does it look like a subjunctive or does it look like an optative? >> Stop the war. Uh There you go. Um um You jumped ahead of me. I You jumped ahead of me. In order that they may stop the war.

Yeah. In order that they may stop the war. It's a subjunctive. So, we're going to translate may instead of might. >> May instead of might. Okay. Right. And if you'll notice, it's got to be a subjunctive because the main verb thuo say is a primary tense. It's a present, future, or perfect. It's a future. Okay. >> So, it's a primary tense and all of those primary tenses have to have a subjunctive with them. They prefer a subjunctive. Good. Fantastic. Oh my god. Now, look at number two.

And what we're going to do with number two is Look, you notice a lot of the same words. Mm. Um by the way, you're reading Greek, right? Um keep going. Look at number two. We start with our purpose clause. hos >> In order. Yeah. Yeah. host ton polemon pao osin

Okay. In order that they may may Yeah, may stop. >> stop. Good. the war >> The people the war. Um The people do what? >> thuo thuo So, that that would be um

Uh Look, Madeline, so you never forget this one again. If you and I could thuo a together, we would be sitting here with something burning the air full of this wonderful cannabis smoke that we could sit here and just talk and exhale and inhale. That's what the thuo That's what thuo is. Yeah. >> It is that inhalation exhalation of the sacrifice. Hello, Staku. What's he doing?

Here, let me see him. Okay. So, in order that they may stop the war Yeah. the people sacrifice thuo The people sacrifice tais the ois Yeah. Okay. Cool. Then it's present, right? Yes, to the gods. And it's present. So, it's a primary and that's why our purpose clause has a subjunctive. Okay. Yeah. Right. Now, watch what they're going to do. They're going to try to invert us. Let's go to number four. Okay. angelus

Yeah, you read it. You read it. You're here to read, not me. Go. >> Okay. angelus epimpon peri tain nason hopos me luo uite tain eir

Eirene eirenen

Eirene >> Good. Okay. Good. eirene Good. Fantastic. Take your time now. Look at it structure-wise. Try to figure out like Does it have multiple verbs? You know, what is it Is one of them in the subjunctive or optative? Take your time and just kind of talk to us. Talk us through your translation process. Okay. So,

Epimpon Uh is of my one verb and luo i luo luo saien is the other one. Oh, hang on a second. Go four. I want you to do number four. I want you to number four. >> No, yeah. My bad. Sorry. >> Yeah, go go to number four. Okay. It's okay. Uh epimpon

And then luo ite luo ite So,

Um I just have to figure out um what it is and it's um Um

It would be imperfect indicative active, so it'd be past, right? Good. Okay, so the messengers had sent or messengers

Sent >> Sent Sent or sent or were sending. Either one of those. >> Or were sending. Okay. Messengers sent. >> it it's You're saying the messengers though. You're making them the subject. >> Right. epimpon Where What kind of person and number is that epimpon? Is it first person? It's either first person singular, I, or it's third person plural, they. Mm it's they, right? And you can do either one cuz it doesn't say anywhere else in that sentence how many that is. So, pick your pick your

Choice. It's either I sent was sending or they sent were sending. >> I'll do they sent.

Okay. They sent

What? angelus They sent what? angelus angelus Yeah. angelus Yeah. Um messengers. Good. Which is in the accusative case, right? angelus It's accusative case. Good. They sent messengers. Good. Where did they send them? peri tain nason Nice prepositional phrase.

Nason is island? Good.

What is peri again? Around? There you go. Around. Okay, around the island. Okay. Good. Uh Yep. Um >> those messengers around the island. Why? hopos Which is just in order. Yep. >> And all Oh, yeah. In order not that Okay, so then the verb um is

Um okay. Uh it's it's It's optative. Right? Yes, good. It's optative. Good. Present optative. Very good. >> Yeah. And and Is it Is it second person then? Good. It's second person plural, right? oite Good. Yeah. And um

And that one means to to um the the sacrifice right? >> Yeah, or to destroy. Try destroy. You'll get a better translation. >> Yeah. To destroy the eirenon um Oh. I can't remember that. Okay. I mean, last time yesterday.

Um peace. Peace. >> Peace. Peace be with you. >> that >> You do want peace? Of course you want peace. Right. Irene is the Irene is peace. >> In order that they so that >> Next time you come across an old woman whose name is Irene, slap her in the face really hard. Say peace be with you, too, [\\h__\\h] Okay? Okay. Don't do that. Don't do that, Madeline. I'm kidding, right? Okay. So then they would be So is it may or might then, right? >> It's an optative, so try might. Might,

Okay. That's what I was looking for. So they sent those messengers around the island in order that you might not destroy the peace. >> Yeah. Gorgeous. Okay, let's do Look at number five. That's a little tiny one. Let's do that one. Okay.

Ena luso men ton

Homeron dora pempom pempom psasi Good. Pempom psasi. Pempom Okay, yeah. Pempom psasi, yeah. Um

So What do you think What do you think structurally? Befo- Before you jump in there, Yeah. >> what do you think What Just stand back and look at the forest. What do you think are the I mean, how many verbs you got here, first of all? Two.

That first one is within us, so you know that's your you know, purpose clause right there. And it's got the omega, so [clears throat] you know that's a subjunctive. Right? Your main verb, what is your main verb? Pempom psasi, what the hell is that? Can you help me identify that? Well, that's uh it's ending um uh

But it's Is it like aorist? Uh No, it's got the on it. So it'd be um

Voices in your head. >> Yeah, it'd be the It was Isn't the air aorist optative? Right? So might send? No, it's your main verb. It's your main verb, and it's going to be an indicative. So it's What verb Ask yourself this question as you're like Mhm. as you're like stalling. Ask yourself like And when I mean stalling, I mean like your engine is cutting out, cuz that happens. Your engine is cutting out, and you're starting to spin your wheels, you know what I mean? Look at pempom psasi, and just ask yourself, what the hell is the first principal part of this verb? What

Is this verb from? Um

God. >> [snorts]

>> That is why they Wait, oh, it's uh God.

That's why they gave you this chimera. >> Oh, it's uh it's perfect indicative. So it'd be third um third plural. Good. It's perfect from from what verb though? If I'm going to look this thing up, what am I going to find it under? Cuz I'm not going to find it in pempom psasi. >> No, it's the Isn't it pempe? Like >> Pempe, very good, very good. Pempe. >> [laughter] >> Okay. You got it. That's all I was looking for. >> So So when you're confused Now, look,

You're faster than normal, so you went ahead and figured out it was perfect, right, you know, faster, but if you were confused and spinning your wheels, the first question you ask yourself is, what the hell is its first principal part? Right? And then you think, oh, pempe, pempso, epempso, pempom pha, and you're like, oh, wait a minute, pempom pha, look, that's almost all there, and then you remember your perfect endings. Right? So you did that quicker, but for the rest of the voices, right, we need

To realize that's what we're doing. We're analyzing the verb, figuring out. So it's third person plural, you said, right? Yeah. And it's a perfect, so it's for the verb to send. How would you translate a perfect third person plural for sending? >> Um They they

Have sent. Good. They have sent what? Dora. Uh gifts. Yes, good. A a gift. Yeah, well, it's plural. It's plural. >> Is it plural? Okay. >> Yeah, it is, cuz it's neuter doron. >> Yeah. Right? Yeah, and the plural is dora. Good. Dora. Okay. Yeah, right? We

I'm sorry, they have sent gifts. Good. In order what? In order what? In order luso men. Huh? Uh Oh. Omen is um is uh an order that they

May uh and

It's But it's Is it It's first person plural. >> We in order that first So we So in order that we may uh we we might sacrifice. In order that we may sacrifice Homer? No, this is luo. >> [laughter] >> And I told you it means destroy. >> Destroy yeah. Right? But it also means But it Their idea Yeah, their idea is to release. Look, you're so you're so fast I can't teach you. Sorry. Yes, >> [laughter] >> fantastic. In order that we may release Homer, right?

Right? They have sent gifts in order that we Now, the other thing to point out here is that luso men is an aorist subjunctive, cuz it's got the luso It's got that sigma. It's aorist subjunctive. >> So >> what you translated it fine. No, no, no, stop, stop, stop. Don't second-guess yourself. You translated properly. [snorts] No, you did. In order that we may release. But what I'm pointing out to you is that it is an aorist. So this is a releasing for once and all. It's like they're

Holding Homer in prison, and they sent these gifts in order that we may let him go once. Nice. Once, right? It's not like he shows up like once a week, and you know, and then we let him go every Monday or something. So you got to realize the Greek is telling you that, and and that doesn't come through in the English translation. Yeah. Yeah, so yeah, laugh it. Now, look at how you're doing. Right? That was four lines. Four lines of Greek, and you translated that Greek. How does that feel?

Feels crazy. It feels so hard. >> [laughter] >> Isn't it? Okay, that's the perfect time for me to say, now it's time to test you. Right? Okay. Um No, next uh next session. What I'm going to do is I'm going to make you do some laps now. But and I'm I want to show I want to show you some fun Greek, and I want to do a passage. But next time we meet, I'm going to take you through the exam. But here's what we're going to do. We're going to start, and for the first half hour,

We'll just be reading review sentences. And I'll be asking you, what is this? Is it a subjunctive? Is it Is this a That's all. We'll just be doing review, and then right away, we're just going to open up to the exam, and you're going to take the exam, and sit there with I'm going to talk you through it, right, without helping you. And you're going to be able to then measure exactly

How much of these three units you retained. Okay. >> Okay? That's what I'm going to do. I'm going to take you through that. Wonderful. You can see the review starts on page after It's after the exercises. If you just flip one page, it's 77. You can see here's the review for those units. So you and I are going to go through these sentences together.

Bu-

Yeah, but the translation on page 79. Try not to look at it beforehand, right? You're trying to Should we get it out? Right? So um okay, that'll be next time. So Wait, wait. We missed We missed what you were saying like for like 10, 15 seconds.

Oh, okay. >> I You meant You said that um to not look at the answer key. Yes, that's all. Just don't look at the answer stuff. Okay. All right. For for the review, that'll be on page 77 that you see up here. I don't know if people can see that screen. Can you see that Madelena, the screen that Chewie has up? Uh no, but I have the book. But Oh, I can't believe that. I'm sorry. I thought you could see it the whole time. She can't see it. Could you have to share it or something? No, we can see

It. >> if you zoom in, it yeah. Oh, there we go. Okay, fine. Fine, fantastic. Okay. Here we go. Here we go. So, what what do we need to do now to finish up before you totally tired out? I need to really push you. And Chewie, I want you just to focus on me away from the book. Away from the book, Madelena. Just blow me up, Chewie.

Here, go back to the You got You got kicked out. I think we lost Madelena. Yeah, I think we lost Madelena.

Bum bum bum. Mhm. Let's see. Besides that, everything's going great, right? She's doing very well. She's doing very well. If you can keep up with her as she's translating, you're doing well. Right? So,

And what I want people to do is to gauge when they when I see her to go through the exam, I want them to gauge how much they were able to translate versus her and how much, you know, where do you stand with respect to the whole three units. You know, it's a self-diagnostic, but I can make it so that she is not self-diagnostic. She's actually being tested.

There's no

Let's see if if she's saying anything in a Discord. Is she saying anything? I think her her phone died. Ah! >> [laughter] >> SO, SHE SHE'LL BE BACK. She'll be back. I'm here. Sorry.

My phone died. Yeah. >> [laughter] >> You're right. Whoever guessed that, you were right. Okay. Um let's So, what do I want you to do to prep for tomorrow? I want you to go over all of the forms that you need to know, and I'm about to give you them all. Okay? That you need to know for the exam. And I just want between today and tomorrow, Madelena, I want you to be committing these forms to memory. Are you ready? We're going to start with verbs. All we got is verbs and nouns.

Right? Now, oh, I I forgot to say um vocabulary. You have to know all the vocabulary, right? Just from the three chapters. Just from what's on the vocab list. So, the first thing you always do getting ready for a Greek exam is to study the vocabulary. That's number one. Number two, your morphology. And what do I mean? I'm going to tell you right now the forms that you need to know. And we'll go through them. We'll dance through them. We'll start with verbs. Verbs in the present

Indicative. Present indicative, what are those endings? Oh, uh a uh a a s a a Wait, no, that's a for nouns. Sorry. My bad. Yep. Yep. Yep. I'm going to start. I'm sorry. That's okay.

It's the It's getting to the end of the workout, so you're tired. >> O a s a omen ete usi. My bad. There you go. O a a omen ete usi. You got it. O a s a omen ete usi. Good. How about the imperfect? What do those look like? e on es e omen ete on Perfect. First, stop there. Perfect, that's great. What about the let's say future? What do they look like? The future endings? o a a s a omen

O s >> [snorts] >> They look just like the present. They look just like the present. Right? >> o o a s a omen ete usi. But with the >> go. Doesn't it have the sigma as well? Yeah. I I think we're just getting into the brain reprogramming zone. She Look, everybody, she's tired enough. She's tired enough that right now you can give her a puff of scopolamine and totally restructure her brain. Okay, I'm just kidding. Don't do that. What is the aorist? What are the aorist

Endings? Um uh a a s a omen ate on Beautiful. What are the perfect endings? Um uh a a s a omen ate asi Right? Good. Good. And by the way, behind that asi, what can you put? a new You can put a new movable. Call it the new movable. Perfect. What about your pluperfect endings? Do you remember those? You don't see them as much. a a s

A a m n ete isan Perfect. Perfect. Absolutely perfect. Okay. Those endings you got to know. You got to know those endings, okay? Okay. That is all your tenses. What else from verbs do you need to know? We got to switch from the indicative to some subjunctives and some optatives. What are your subjunctive endings in both present and aorist? Remember, it's just one set cuz they're the same. Do you remember what that looks like? Your present subjunctive. What's that look like? Um o o a s a omen ete usi Good. With those long vowels, right? How about the present

Optative? The present optative. O i, that's a good one. oi mi ois oi omen oite oin >> [laughter] >> Beautiful. And then the aorist Uh let me just hear I don't care I don't care about the alternatives. I just want to hear the the main ones that with the alphas. Go ahead. e mi eis e amen eite uh uh e ein ein. Good. Good.

Eis i i eis It just gets me. No, that's okay. I The alpha iota i i i may i enters may be something. Fantastic. So, look, that's everything about the verbs that you need to know. Okay? You need to know how to do a purpose clause. Okay. You need to know how to translate a verb. I have done something or I will do something, right?

Just with the vocabulary that you have. The other obstacle that you've had are the nouns. The nouns. You must know those endings. a a s a ein i on eis os You've got to know that feminine first declension ending there. The second declension you've got to know logos logou logoi logon, right?

Mhm. logoi logon logois logous. You got to know those masculine and neuter endings. Yeah. Right? Because you're going to have to You're going to have to tell yourself what case is this thing in? Is it a nominative, genitive, dative, or accusative? You're going to have to do that to be able to translate, okay? That is all you need to know. I know it's a lot, but when everything is boiled down, that's all you need to know. So, how do you study for this test? You go and you read the vocabulary list,

Three of them. You just read through them. Read through them until it starts to stick. Until it starts to stick, right? For me For some students, that's only once or twice, and you hate those students, right? Cuz I was sitting there seven, eight times, and I can't tell you how many times I've punched myself in the groin because I've seen a word 15 times. I know what this word means, and for some reason I've blanked it. Right? So, don't don't worry because you're not using the Greek in everyday

Speech, your vocabulary is going to be hard to imprint. But I need you to I need you to work toward imprinting it, right? Fantastic. Fantastic. Yes, and we had a Where was I going to give you the Oh god, did I not bring it? Oh god, I got so swept up, I didn't bring it. Son of a

No. No, we'll just have to do extra reading next time. Oh my god, I can't believe I did that. No, no, I'm not just going to use it. I wanted to bring the Heraclitus. Yeah, no, that's okay. Um

One of the things that I want you to be thinking about we're going to finish up here shortly but one of the things I want you to be thinking about are the sources you you we talked to all the other voices in your head and the things that they're interested in and you focused on the Bible. You particularly honed in on the Bible. And I want you to know that the easiest place to begin to understand the Bible is the pre-Socratic philosophers.

The pre- and you'd say you're going to say oh well pre-Socratic philosophers what the hell did those guys have to do with the formation of the Bible? The physics that you see generated by the pre-Socratic philosophers is exactly the physics of the Septuagint. And those physics are going to be what influences Jesus. So that when he says something that seems to be a quote from the Greek Bible you understand

Where what that means because you have already exposed yourself to the physics. So in order to understand Jesus I need to expose you to the basic elemental understanding of the world. It comes down to something very very simple. What are the components of existence?

What what do we have to have in order to exist? Believe it or not Jesus is everything he says from the Septuagint is based on those physics. So what I wanted to do today was to bring you start bringing you a couple of philosophers pre-Socratic philosophers

But of course I I got I got busy with Lady Babylon and forgot. And didn't bring. So what I'm going to do is next time I'm going to give you a double portion but this is a kind of a trick. I have to inoculate you. By the way do you have the Kirk and Raven? Does your site have the Kirk and Raven pre-Socratic philosophers?

I don't know. I'll have to ask. Let's see. >> Subatomic would know. Subatomic would know that. I I don't know that. I haven't heard that before. Okay. Here's what we need to do. I need to get you a copy of Kirk and Raven's pre-Socratic philosophers. I know Gandhi. I think Gandhi has a the site where you can just pull it offline pull it off the internet. >> I think I've already found it. I'm I'm going to have Chewie bring it up here so you can see it. There it is.

Gandhi's in our server also. Fantastic. Is Yeah no I knew I don't know if he's here tonight but here put this make this big for him. Do you see this Madalena? I see yes. The pre-Socratic philosophers says it's a critical history with selection of texts by Kirk and Raven. These two knuckleheads did such a fantastic bang up job of assembling all of the pre-Socratic philosophers

Which are all fragments right? We're not talking about books that survived we're talking about other people quoting them mostly. Right? But the good thing is as he tells you in the intro the good thing is is he includes both the Greek text as you can see here. Xenophanes fragment here.

You can see gives the fragment and we're going to get a translation. Let's see how does this work? This is number three. I think there it is. See at the bottom they'll put of earth. Right? This is that oh god. Gaia we love you baby. Right? What are they talking what are they talking about here right in the beginning with these fragments? They're talking about Gaia and Ouranos and you say wait a minute. [\\h__\\h] this is right out of Genesis. Well this is the physics that Jesus himself is quoting and talking about. So if you don't know it

From these philosophers how can you possibly know it when Jesus starts spouting it? You know and so what I want you to do is kind of the main >> [sighs] >> the the main thrust of the pre-Socratic philosopher is the mystery.

Yeah. Okay? So you can see here the he talks about the they talk about the Orphic cosmogonies. Why is that so important? Because this is the stuff that is influencing the creation of the physics behind the Bible. Right? Look what he says here several variations in cosmogony were ascribed to Orphikoi. Right? To the Orphics. These might be described as people who uniting elements from the cult of Apollo on the one hand as katharsios as purification right? And from Thracian

Reincarnation stuff. Talking about the soul and Dionysus. Right? Look at his his sexual purity his musical powers powers of prophecy. Oh god. Right? You think this this is not the Bible but it is. This is the groundwork for it. So what I want you to do is I want you to get access to this Chewie can you just post that? Post that link. Cuz it's not a sample right? We don't have a certain number of pages it's no it's the whole thing. There. And we don't have to pay

Anything. Fantastic. This is the best kind of And what I want you to do then is I want you just on the side. I know this is a lot but if you get drowned in the in the grammar you're going to lose sight you're going to lose your your interest to be quite honest. So here's what I want you to do. I want you to use the muse and to have her guide you to the Kirk and Raven that will best explain what you want to find in the New Testament okay? I want

You to just start perusing. My recommendation is for you to visit Heraclitus. And just just peruse a page or two or whatever you want to of the philosopher. Fantastic. Pythagoreans can be there they can do what they want. Okay I'm going to let you go a little bit early. I think we're to the point that I can say hey your test is coming up we'll do some review and I think you can pass it if you know the vocab and you know those endings you recognize

What those endings are you're going to be in good shape. Okay? All right. How do you how do you feel? Please talk to me now and tell me how you feel. >> I'm excited. I feel good about it. I've I I'll study a lot so I remember. I feel like the the all the noun endings just escaped out out my ears but

I I think I can do it and I'm excited to read that. Okay. Okay. And don't think that that's not normal. Right? You're going to be packing a lot of information and you're going to lose a lot of information that you got to reinforce. So don't think that's not that's not totally normal. Right? Fantastic.

I think you're doing remarkably. I hope that you find inspiration in Kirk and Raven. I'll bring back some Heraclitus myself next time. I'm so sorry. And on the nights that I have Lady Babylon we'll start give me an extra 15 minutes so say 15 after and we'll start then. And that'll work better. Cuz I need to take a break and all that kind of stuff. Hey. Do you mind if I use you as an example on Lady Babylon if I tell people what you're doing and say you know screw you

She she can feed a baby and take Greek at the same time. You you don't mind? Okay good fantastic >> [laughter] >> fantastic. So >> [snorts] >> and that'll give you that'll give you a little prod to keep up the good work because then everybody knows that you're Joan of Arc you know that you have to come through right?

No pressure. Oh thanks. I can do it. All right and thank you for coming and being a part of this. I really appreciate it and I appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Armand. Thank you. We'll see everyone. Keep up the good work. Hail Satan. Hail Satan. Hail Satan. God damn straight. >> [laughter] >> You're welcome. You're welcome. Keep studying. Keep studying. I know you guys are studying along with her, so keep studying. All right. All right. Thank you. And I want to ask you, for those of you who

Are going to for those of you who are going to be here for the exam, I'm going to ask you what your percentages were. I want to know, like for the person who's watching it happen, I want to know, can you keep up? So, that's what I'm going to do. Okay, thanks. I'll see you guys. >> All right, man. Thank you. Peace.